Category: Network Protocols

Introduction NAT-Traversal is one of the most interesting topic in IPsec VPN. Today let us understand it in detail. As we know that in IPsec, the IKE (Internet Key Exchange)…

IPSec supports two primary encapsulation modes: Transport Mode and Tunnel Mode. Each mode serves specific purposes and operates differently to secure data transmissions.

At the heart of the whole cyberspace lies the X509 certificates, the unsung heroes of the digital age.

ARP is a simple request-reply protocol that broadcasts an ARP request to all devices on the network, requesting the MAC address of the device with the specified IP address.

In MQTT, the Last Will and Testament (LWT) feature allows the client to specify a message that the broker will automatically send on behalf of the client if the client's…

Half-open TCP connections occur when one side of a connection closes or terminates the connection while the other side remains open.

MQTT QoS gives the client the power to choose a level of service that matches its network reliability and application logic. Because MQTT manages the re-transmission of messages and guarantees…

MQTT Persistent sessions allows a client to maintain its session state with a broker even if the connection is lost. This means that if a client disconnects and later reconnects,…

SSL/TLS is cryptographic protocol that provide secure communication over network. It work by using combination of public key & symmetric key encryption to authenticate the parties involved in the communication…

NETCONF is a network configuration protocol that uses an XML data model to represent the configuration of a device. The protocol defines a set of operations that can be used…